TRFs such as tRF-5s (from the 5′ arm of the tRNA), itRFs (intermediate tRFs), tRFs-3s (that correspond to the 3′ arm of the (tsRNAs) or tiRNA/tRNA halves (usually 30–35 nt) long and other shorter (<30 nt) fragments. In recent years, several species of tRFs have been identified and shown to be conserved across the three domains of life.īased on the region of tRNAs from which these small RNAs are processed, tRFs can be categorized as tRNA derived small RNAs Physiological relevance remained largely unexplored until recently ( Speer et al. Though fragments from tRNAs were observed as early as 1970s, their

Emerging studies have identified tRNAs as a source for a new heterogeneousĬlass of small RNAs called tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs). The growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) canonically recognize the triplet codons on the mRNA, thereby delivering appropriate amino acids to Previous Section Next Section INTRODUCTION Valuable insights on the biogenesis and the function of tRFs in neoblasts and planarian regeneration. Our study adds to the catalog of posttranscriptional regulatory systems in planaria, providing In summary, our findings implicate a novel role for tRFs in planarian regeneration, highlighting their importance in regulatingĬomplex systemic processes. Show that 5′-tsRNA in planaria interact with all three SMEDWI proteins and an involvement of AGO1 in the processing of itRFs. Over the course of regeneration suggesting an important role in planarian anterior and posterior regeneration. Expression analysis of these tRF species revealed dynamic expression of these small RNAs Transverse sections of planarians revealed diverse expression patterns of these small RNAs, including those that are enriched

In planarians-the shorter tRF-5s and itRFs, and the abundantly expressed 5′-tsRNAs. Annotation of tRNAs facilitated the identification of three main species of tRFs

mediterranea combining two tRNA prediction algorithms. In order to characterize planarian tRFs, we first annotated 457 tRNAs in S. Here, we show that tRFs are dynamically expressed during planarian regeneration, suggesting a possible role for these small However, their function in dynamic biological processes such as development and regeneration remains unexplored. TRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) have recently gained a lot of scientific interest due to their diverse regulatory roles in severalĬellular processes.

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